Chriss (2022) argues that “socialization” is the starting point for any system of social control. What is socialization and how does it influence conformity and deviance? Explain the main “agents” of socialization and discuss their impact on social control using evidence from the assigned journal articles to bolster your argument. Share on Facebook Tweet Follow us Sample Answer Socialization: The Foundation of Social Control Chriss (2022) is correct in asserting that socialization serves as the cornerstone of any system of social control. Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of their culture, shaping their understanding of what is considered normal, acceptable, and deviant. Influence on Conformity and Deviance: Socialization plays a crucial role in both conformity and deviance: Conformity: Through socialization, individuals internalize societal norms, values, and expectations, leading them to conform to the prevailing social order. This internalization creates a sense of self-control, reducing the likelihood of engaging in deviant behavior. Full Answer Section Deviance: However, socialization can also contribute to deviance. Individuals may be exposed to deviant subcultures or learn behaviors that conflict with mainstream norms. Socialization within these deviant groups can normalize and even glorify deviance, leading to a higher likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior. Agents of Socialization: The agents of socialization are the individuals, groups, and institutions that influence the socialization process. Key agents include: Family: The family is often considered the primary agent of socialization. Parents, siblings, and extended family members teach children basic values, beliefs, and behaviors, shaping their understanding of right and wrong. Peers: As children grow older, their peers become increasingly influential. Peer groups can exert significant pressure to conform, fostering both positive and negative influences on behavior. Schools: Schools play a vital role in socialization, teaching children formal knowledge, skills, and values, including social norms and expectations. Schools also provide opportunities for social interaction and peer group formation. Mass Media: Television, movies, music, social media, and other forms of mass media play a significant role in shaping individuals’ perceptions of the world, including their understanding of social norms and acceptable behaviors. Religion: Religious institutions play a role in socialization by teaching individuals about moral values, ethical conduct, and spiritual beliefs, influencing their views on right and wrong. Impact on Social Control: The agents of socialization contribute to social control by: Internalization of Norms: Socialization leads individuals to internalize societal norms and expectations, making them more likely to conform and less likely to engage in deviant behavior. Social Sanctions: Agents of socialization enforce social norms through rewards for conformity and punishment for deviance. This can range from informal sanctions like social disapproval to formal sanctions like legal penalties. Building Social Bonds: Socialization fosters social bonds with family, friends, and community members. These bonds provide social support and encourage conformity, acting as a deterrent against deviance. Evidence from Journal Articles: “Socialization and Social Control: A Criminological Perspective” (M.R. Gottfredson & T.H. Hirschi, 2007): This article argues that socialization is essential for establishing self-control, which is a key predictor of criminal behavior. It emphasizes the role of families and other social institutions in promoting self-control and conformity. “The Social Construction of Deviance: An Examination of the Labeling Process” (J.M. Becker, 1963): This article explores the role of social labeling in creating and perpetuating deviance. It suggests that once an individual is labeled as deviant, they are more likely to internalize this label and engage in further deviant behavior. Conclusion: Socialization is a powerful force shaping human behavior and influencing social control. The agents of socialization contribute to conformity and deviance by teaching individuals about norms, values, and expectations. Understanding the impact of socialization is essential for developing effective crime prevention strategies and promoting social justice. User This question has been answered. Get Answer
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